Examples

• The main land degradation processes could be summarised as erosion, salination, physical degradation, chemical degradation, hydric degradation and biological degradation.
  ويمكن إيجاز العمليات الرئيسية لتردي الأراضي في التعرية والتملح والتردي الفيزيائي والكيمائي والمائي والبيولوجي.
• For example, in California 5 GtCO2 can be stored in oil and gas reservoirs but 100-500 GtCO2 can be stored in saline formations.
  مثلاً يمكن في كاليفورنيا تخزين 5 جيغاطن من ثاني أكسيد الكربون في مستودعات للنفط والغاز ولكن يمكن تخزين 100-500 جيغاطن من ثاني أكسيد الكربون في تكوينات ملحية.
• The main problems the affected country Parties of the Northern Mediterranean have in common appear to be soil erosion, salinization of soil and groundwater, and loss of quality of topsoil.
  ويبدو أن المشاكل الرئيسية التي تشترك فيها البلدان الأطراف المتأثرة في منطقة شمالي البحر الأبيض المتوسط هي تآكل التربة وتملُّحها، والمياه الجوفية، وفقدان جودة التربة السطحية.
• The environmental impact assessment shall be based on a description of the environmental conditions before the start of the project activity, both within the project boundary and in areas outside the project boundary likely to be affected by the project, and the likely changes according to, inter alia, the following potential effects: Land forms and soils: Slope, bank or shore instability; Real, gully or shore erosion; Loss of nutrients and organic matter; Decrease or alteration of microflora and microfauna; Decrease in cation-exchange capacity; Soil compaction; Laterization; Rutting and swamping of soils; Burial of downslope soils as a result of excessive erosion and sedimentation Water resources: Decreased infiltration and groundwater recharge; Increased storm run-off; Decreased base flow, lose dependable year-round discharge; Local ponding of water; Increased turbidity; Accelerated eutrophication; Contamination of waters with hydrocarbons, biocides and wood preservatives; Increased sediment loads, with a detrimental effects on channel stability, waterlife, useful reservoir life, navigation; Loss of excess fertilizer from fertilized plantation, which may accelerate the eutrophication; Return water from irrigated plantations which may be saline; Invasion of crop land, clogging of drainage tiles and withdrawal of water from irrigation ditches by tree roots from shelter belts.
  ويرتكز تقييم الآثار البيئية على وصف الشروط البيئية قبل البدء بنشاط المشروع، ضمن حدود المشروع وفي المناطق الواقعة خارج حدوده والمرجح أن تتأثر به، والتغيرات المرجح حدوثها وفقاً لجملة أمور منها الآثار المحتملة التالية:
• Iraq contends that the alleged increase in salinity may be due either to reduction of the proportion of fresh annual rainfall in the extracted water, or to the increased application of saline irrigation water to agricultural areas, causing salt to leach into the groundwater.
  ويقول العراق أيضاً إن انخفاض مستوى مستودع مياه الموجب الشمالي قد يكون راجعاً إلى ضخ أكثر من الموفور المستدام.
• Iraq states that there is recorded evidence of mismanagement of water resources in Jordan before 1991, especially of the depletion of the Northern Mujib aquifer, and it argues that the increase of salinity may be due to over-pumping before 1991. Iraq also states that the decrease in the level of the Northern Mujib aquifer may be due to pumping more than the sustainable yield.
  ويذكر العراق أن هناك أدلة مسجلة على سوء إدارة موارد المياه في الأردن قبل 1991، وبوجه خاص نفاد مستودع مياه الموجب الشمالي، ويقول إن زيادة الملوحة قد ترجع إلى الإفراط في الضخ قبل 1991.