So, Ganbold and his twin-humped Bactrian camels must chase the snow towards the mountains where it lingers.

In the ninth century, after the long period of Arab conquest and conversion to Islam, the Sogdian and Bactrian languages evolved into the Farsi-Dari-Tajik languages.

These States, which at various times lost their independence, were part of the Achaemenid State, the empire of Alexander the Great, the Seleucid State, the Graeco-Bactrian kingdom and the Kushan and Hephthalite empires.