For example, the United Kingdom’s Independent Commission on Banking ( ICB) has proposed ring-fencing retail activities frominvestment-banking activities in separately capitalized divisionsof a bank holding company.

Twenty-two years of career before retirement from First Chicago Corporation and its bank, First National Bank of Chicago, in 1989; served as Vice-Chairman of the Board and a Director of the Bank holding company

The resolution defines offshore entities or individuals as follows: banks, subsidiary banks, holding companies, financial and credit institutions, natural and legal persons registered or resident in States or territories with favourable tax arrangements and/or States or territories which do not disclose and/or provide information to banking supervision authorities in accordance with the requirements and recommendations of the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision.

Thus the National Bank of Kyrgyzstan is authorized to take a decision on the cessation or limitation of certain types of banking operations in the event that it detects violations in the activities of any bank, its affiliate, branch (company) or bank holding company in which:

Accordingly, the National Bank of Kyrgyzstan may decide to suspend or restrict certain types of banking operations if the Bank of Kyrgyzstan uncovers in the activities of any bank, its branches or affiliated banks (companies) or bank holding companies violations linked to:

For example, JPMorgan Chase CEO Jamie Dimon recentlytestified to the US Senate Banking Committee about the apparentbreakdown of risk management that caused an estimated $7 billiontrading loss at his firm. Open Secrets.org estimates that JPMorgan Chase, America’s largest bank holding company, spent close to $8million in political contributions in 2011, and that Dimon and hiscompany donated to most senators on the committee.