In this area, the application of human rights in “horizontal relations” between private persons is just as important as the State's responsibility in “vertical relations” with its nationals.

The three markets are vertically related, and innovation or technology markets are considered only when product market analysis is not yet feasible or will not fully take into account all the implications of a transaction for competition.

This arrangement could operate both vertically, in relation to individual peacekeeping missions, and horizontally, in relation to cross-cutting issues applying to peacekeeping more generally.

Donor support is being provided in separate vertical silos of activity related to specific monitoring targets.

As for so-called vertical relations — sanctions imposed by the Security Council or a regional organization — they involved a legal regime that depended essentially on the rules of the organization and might be different from the general regime of countermeasures under the articles on State responsibility.

We remain fully supportive of the aims and objectives of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty in seeking to eliminate the spread and use of nuclear weapons, particularly in the strengthening of the regime in relation to vertical and horizontal proliferation.

Some of these obstacles relate to hard infrastructure; others are more general (or horizontal) and relate to the level of development of firms in such areas as skills and educational attainment; still others are more industry-related (vertical) or specific to local contexts.

In line with the liberalization of competition policy treatment of vertical restraints in general, the treatment of restraints in IPR licensing arrangements has been substantially liberalized in recent years, although the extent of liberalization has not been quite as much as in respect of non-IPR-related vertical restraints.

Licensing arrangements or sales of protected products In line with the liberalization of competition policy treatment of vertical restraints in general, the treatment of restraints in IPR licensing arrangements has been substantially liberalized in recent years, although the extent of liberalization has not been quite as much as in respect of non-IPR-related vertical restraints.

We remain fully supportive of the aims and objectives of the non-proliferation Treaty in seeking to eliminate the spread and use of nuclear weapons, and particularly in the strengthening of the regime in relation to vertical and horizontal proliferation, and attach importance to adherence to article VI obligations, which gives greater credibility to the NPT.