- Organization of grazing and periodic grazing practices, and identification of transhumance routes and frequency of utilization;

Rangelands are resilient to seasonal changes under traditional mobile grazing practices, commonly called transhumance.

- Organization of grazing and periodic grazing practices, and identification of transhumance routes and frequency of utilization;

- Development of traditional production systems, including grazing practices, stockbreeding practices, feeding practices, veterinary care practices and transhumance management practices;

• The emergence of the phenomena of “road-blockers” and transhumance in the Democratic Republic of the Congo;

- Development of traditional production systems, including grazing practices, stockbreeding practices, feeding practices, veterinary care practices and transhumance management practices;

- Cultivation of land that is suitable only for grazing, the phenomenon of firewood-gathering, with the uprooting of shrubs and bushes usable as livestock browse, overgrazing and transhumance;

Indigenous representatives from Africa invited the authors of the study to underline the particular needs and challenges faced by nomadic and transhumant peoples.

It is also necessary to recognize the rights of transhumant peoples and to promote the development of adaptive pasture-management systems which maximize sustainable productivity and minimize risks.

Special consideration should be given to nomadic and transhumant peoples, to forest dwellers and to the role of women and youth.