From the outset in postwar Iraq, criminal justice resembledderacinated constitutionalism: atomistic trials, radical purges,and compromised elections.

Moreover, Muslims in these mostly patron-client states havebeen forced to identify more with atomistic/parochial ethnicnationalism in order to enjoy the “fruits of independence” and thusacquire whatever political representation they have.

Similar benefits were anticipated in Ghana as part of a general strategy to transform the country's agricultural environment from its current array of atomistic, non-industrial production and storage elements into a coherent network of commercialized production and accredited warehouse facilities.